Makomra Valentin ¹*, Penka Jule Bertrand², Mbuh Moses Kuma², Djomo Thierry Mbong², Wandum Pascal Ndula², Musa Issa²

¹Department of Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, P O.Box.  510 Elig-Effa street, Yaoundé,  Cameroon.

²Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Higher Polytechnic Institute, University of Bamenda, P O.Box. 39 Bambili Cameroon.

*Corresponding author: E-mail: mbuhmoses10@gmail.com

To Cite: Makomra et al. (2026). Utilization of Sand Deposits in Various Areas in Pavement Blocks Production with Plastic Waste Binder: A Comparative Study in Bamenda City. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 153–177. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18688485

Submission Date: 17/12/2025                                                             Acceptance Date: 13/02/2026

Abstract

This study investigates the use of plastics waste as a binder in pavement block production, combining it with various local sands and gravel. The discoveries of this study show that composites developed from Mbatu, Ndop and Wum sands display a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) less than 6%, with Compressive Strength (CS) and Flexural Strength(FS) values between (17.2 – 20.7) MPa and (2.1 – 2.8) MPa respectively at 40% PET content which the composites can be used for outdoor space applications. The composites developed from Chomba, and Mbengwi sands exhibit a WAC less than 6%, with CS and FS values between (20.7 – 27.6) MPa and (2.8 – 4 .1) MPa respectively at 35% PET content which can be used for pedestrian walkway applications suggesting feasibility of considering this practice as a solution to plastic waste mismanagement in the town of Bamenda.

Keywords: Various sands, Gravel 5/15, PET Plastics, PET content

Emmanuel Nguidjol Nguimbous,

Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon

Bill Vaneck Bôt^*,

Department of Environmental Engineering, National Advanced School of Publics Works, PO Box 510, Yaoundé-Cameroon

Achille Nouga Bissoue,

Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon

Théophile Vitoussia,

Laboratory of Mechanics and Adapted Materials, Advanced Teacher’s Training College for Technical Education, PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon PO Box 1872, Douala, Cameroon

Pierre Loti Watat Kamga,

Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon

David Nana Dieudjio,

Laboratory of Process Engineering, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon Ebenezer Njeugna,

* Corresponding Author:  Bill Vaneck Bôt,

PhD at the National Advanced School of Publics Works, PO Box 510, Yaoundé-Cameroon bill.vaneck@enstp.cm,

+237 694485479

To Cite: Nguimbous et al. (2026), Assessment of physical and energetic characteristics of pellets produced from Elaeis guineensis shells, Cocos nucifera fibers and Distemonanthus benthamianus sawdust. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18688281

Submission Date:   03/12 /2025                                                                      Acceptation Date: 28/01/2026

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the sustainable energy valorisation of three Cameroonian biomass residues—palm nut (Elaeis guineensis)  shells, coconut (Cocos nucifera) fibres, and movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)  sawdust—via pelletisation. The raw materials were first dried, milled, and sieved, then formulated into pellets without any binders. Key physical and thermal characteristics, including moisture content, higher calorific value (HCV), volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon, were evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), was applied to assess thermal behaviour. The principal results indicate that palm nut shells showed the highest calorific value (18.89 MJ/kg), whereas coconut fibres presented the lowest (16.43 MJ/kg). Among the mixtures, pellets containing 10% fibres, 30% movingui sawdust, and 60% palm nut shells (10F30M60C) displayed the greatest energy potential, with an HCV of 25.07 MJ/kg and a fixed carbon content of 24.94%. TGA profiles indicated that blended pellets decomposed over a broader temperature interval (200°C–565°C), reflecting enhanced thermal stability relative to unblended residues. The findings indicate that these biomass combinations may represent viable alternatives to firewood and fossil fuels for domestic heating, as their characteristics closely align with international references. This study contributes to sustainable biomass utilisation strategies and reinforces energy diversification efforts in sub-Saharan Africa.

Keywords: Agroforestry residues, Biomass pellets, calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis

Louis Njie Ndumbe^1*, Efou Fotindong Fabrice², and Ettagbor Hans Enukwa³

¹ – Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine,

University of Buea, Cameroon.

² – Department of Agriculture, Higher Technical Teachers Training College, Kumba,

University of Buea, Cameroon.

^{3 –} Department of Civil Engineering and Forestry Techniques, Higher Technical Teachers Training College, Bambili, University of Bamenda, Cameroon.

*Corresponding author

To Cite: Ndumbe et al. (2026), Cocoa Value Chain Dynamics and Agroforestry Pathways in Kumba, Cameroon: Balancing Livelihoods and Forest Conservation. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18685906

Submission Date: 15/11/2025                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 20/01/2026

Abstract

This study examines the cocoa market chain in Kumba Municipality, South West Region, Cameroon, with a focus on its implications for deforestation and the potential of non-timber forest product (NTFP) agroforestry systems to reconcile livelihood improvement with biodiversity conservation. Primary data were collected from 60 farmers, 15 informal intermediaries (coaxers), 15 formal intermediaries, and 3 exporters using structured questionnaires and stratified purposive sampling. Results reveal inequitable profit distribution along the chain: farmers earned 25 FCFA/kg, coaxers 55 FCFA/kg, formal intermediaries 61 FCFA/kg, and exporters 67 FCFA/kg, indicating market inefficiency. Paired sample t-tests showed that cocoa income contributions were statistically significant for coaxers and formal intermediaries (p=0.001), but not for farmers (p=0.580) or exporters (p=0.066). Key constraints included socio-political insecurity, poor road conditions, high agrochemical costs, and labour shortages. Drawing parallels with broader deforestation drivers in Cameroon’s cocoa sector, this paper argues that the existing value chain structure incentivizes forest conversion. We propose the integration of cocoa-based agroforestry systems incorporating NTFPs as a strategy to enhance farmer incomes, reduce deforestation pressure, and conserve biodiversity. Policy recommendations include road infrastructure development, conflict resolution, and support for agroforestry adoption.

Keywords: Cocoa value chain, deforestation, agroforestry, non-timber forest products (NTFPs), livelihoods, biodiversity conservation

Kingsley Nkwelle Ebako Dibo* and Oben Timothy Mbuagbo

Department of Sociology and Anthropology, FSMS, University of Buea

*Corresponding Author: kngsleynkwelle3@gmail.com

To Cite: Nkwelle & Oben (2026), Assessing the Relevance of Local Epistemological Knowledge to The Emergence of Cameroon by 2035. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18685810

Submission Date: 23/12/2025                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 13/02/2026

Abstract

One of the most ignored, yet probably the most important dimensions of the development problematic in Cameroon and Africa is the question of intellectual sovereignty. Intellectual sovereignty requires a fundamental paradigm shift from the consent dominant, Western epistemological framing of African socio-cultural realities to local-level understanding of African socio-cultural experiences. This requires the usage of methodological and theoretical insights that are mainly home-grown. In this regard, this paper examines the current content of the undergraduate program offered in the department of sociology and anthropology of the University of Buea. It discusses how this program remains trapped in Western social science paradigm, proposes an intellectual rupture with inherited models, and finally points the way towards a Cameroon – focused social science analysis. This is done through a careful content relevance analysis of the departmental brochure of sociology and anthropology (2022/2023 academic year) to critically assess their relevance with respect to the ambition of Cameroon to emerge economically and otherwise by 2035. On the basis of the aforementioned methodological approach, the research finding shows that the disciplines of sociology and anthropology in their current outlook are in need of novel theoretical or methodological insight grounded in local socio-historical and political realities. This social critique calls for the transformation of dominant, mainly Western and colonial, social science Paradigms which are historically ideological projects for domination and control. The outcome of this research recommends a thorough understanding not only of the resilience of colonial education in Africa, but probably more importantly, to rid the content of sociology and anthropology of coloniality of knowledge, coloniality of being and coloniality of power as advanced by decolonial theorists such as (Dussel, 2013), (Mignolo, 2011), (Quijano, 2000) and others.

Keywords: Coloniality, decolonial theorists, Emergence, Content analysis, local epistemological knowledge

EYONG AKO

Department of Organisational Sciences, Higher Institute of Commerce and Management,

University of Bamenda

,

E-mail: akorolly87@yahoo.com

ORCID Id: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8689-6788

To Cite: EYONG (2026). The influence of Leadership Adroitness on Project Team Performance within Agribusiness Firms and Agro-industry Organizations in Bamenda, Cameroon. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18685753

Submission Date: 20/12/2025                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 15/02/2026

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of leadership adroitness on project team performance within agribusiness firms and agro-industry organizations in Bamenda, Cameroon. A survey research design was employed. The sample comprised 138 participants selected from a population of 211 professionals using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression via SPSS Version 22. The findings revealed that Visionary Thinking and Strategic Planning (VTS) had a significant positive influence on project team performance with a coefficient of 0.1930496 (p-value=0.007), particularly in achieving project goals. Team Building and Motivation (TBM) also demonstrated a positive relationship (coefficient=0.1806692, p-value=0.060), though it was marginally non-significant at the 0.05 level, primarily impacting team productivity. Conversely, Decision-Making and Problem-Solving (DMPS) adroitness exerted a significant negative influence on team performance (coefficient=-0.1579263, p-value=0.025) negatively. Emotional intelligence (EI) of NGO leaders demonstrated suggesting that centralized or rigid problem-solving approaches may hinder cohesion in the complex agricultural landscape of the Northwest Region. Furthermore, the Emotional Intelligence (EI) of leaders showed a positive but statistically non-significant influence with a coefficient of 0.1027356 (p-value=0.125), on team adaptability. The study concludes that leadership adroitness is a critical determinant of project success in Bamenda’s agribusiness sector, though its dimensions impact performance metrics differently. It is recommended that agribusiness leaders enhance their strategic planning capabilities while adopting more delegative decision-making styles to foster better team cohesion. Additionally, formal training in emotional intelligence and motivational techniques is suggested to optimize long-term productivity and adaptability in volatile environments. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of leadership practices required to enhance agricultural project outcomes in challenging regional contexts.

Keywords: leadership adroitness, agribusiness firms, project team performance, productivity, team cohesion

ITUKA Walter BEKINDAKA¹, BELLO Pascal² and ELLE Narcisse³

¹ Department of Management Sciences, HTTTC Kumba, University of Buea

² Département de Sciences de Gestion, IUT, Université de Douala

³ Département de Techniques Economiques et de Gestion, ENSET, Université de Douala

Correspondence: ITUKA Walter BEKINDAKA,

Department of Management Sciences,

University of Buea, Email: ituka.walter@ubuea.cm

To Cite: ITUKA et al. (2026). The Effect of Accountability in Local Councils on the Management of Community Development Funds in Cameroon. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18680145

Submission Date: 15/12/2025                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 02/02/2026

Abstract

Accountability is a cornerstone of effective public financial management, particularly at the local government level where development outcomes directly affect communities. This study assesses the effect of accountability of local councils in Cameroon in the management of community development funds. Accountability in this study is examined across four dimensions: financial reporting and disclosure, oversight and monitoring, participation and responsiveness, as well as sanctions and enforcement. Using a survey of 110 respondents, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were employed to analyse accountability practices and their interrelationships. The findings reveal very strong and statistically significant positive correlation among all accountability dimensions and overall accountability perception (r = 0.895–0.979, p < 0.01), indicating that accountability in local councils is multidimensional and mutually reinforcing. However, despite the existence of accountability mechanisms, weaknesses remain in enforcement, public access to information, and citizen participation. The study concludes that accountability in local councils is more procedural than substantive, and recommends strengthening enforcement mechanisms, enhancing transparency of financial reports, and deepening community involvement to improve the management of community development funds.

Keywords: Accountability, Local Councils, Community Development Funds, Financial Management, Cameroon

NDONMBOU Maurice Merlin

mndonmbou@yahoo.fr

Université de Douala(Cameroun)

To Cite: NDONMBOU (2026). Les Pratiques Africaines de RSE dans le Secteur de la Microfinance: le Cas des MUFID au Cameroun. Journal of tertiary and industrial sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 31–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18680041

Submission Date: 20/11/2025                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 02/02/2026

Abstract

Although CSR is a relatively recent concept in Africa, the limited research on the subject has generally approached CSR through the lens of theoretical and normative frameworks imported from the West, which can obscure certain local realities or even a local approach to social responsibility. From this perspective, the objective of this article is to identify corporate social responsibility practices specific to Africa, at least in their implementation, using the case of MUFID in Cameroon. To this end, a content analysis was conducted using NVivo 10 software on the corpus consisting of the internal regulatory framework, interviews, and other documents. The analysis reveals firstly, that MUFID has specific regulatory provisions related to CSR within the framework of sectoral regulations; however, international CSR standards or references are not mentioned in MUFID’s discourse or written materials. Furthermore, in accordance with the above, it is observed that the CSR implemented in MUFIDs stems from a community-based approach, with each MUFID embedded within its community. The family, the village, and village dignitaries are valued stakeholders, even more so than ordinary stakeholders. The legalization of the establishment of a community development fund, the consideration of community customs and traditions, the legal recognition of the social dimension of employees, and the empowerment of elders and other key members of the community are among the defining characteristics of this African and therefore community-based approach to CSR. We advocate for the recognition of the international significance of African corporate social responsibility practices.

Keywords: African CSR practices – Community – Solidarity – Nvivo 10

Résumé

Bien que la RSE soit un concept relativement récent en Afrique, le peu de recherches qui s’y sont consacrées ont généralement appréhendé la RSE à la lumière des cadres théoriques et normatifs importés de l’occident, ce qui peut occulter certaines réalités locales voire une approche locale de responsabilité sociétale. Dans cette perspective, l’objectif du présent article est d’identifier les pratiques de responsabilité sociétale des entreprises spécifiques à l’Afrique ne serait-ce que dans leur déclinaison, ce à partir du cas des MUFID au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, une analyse de contenu via le logiciel NVIVO 10 a été faite sur le corpus constitué du cadre réglementaire interne et des entretiens et autres documents. Il en ressort d’une part que les MUFID ont des dispositions réglementaires spécifiques en relation avec la RSE au regard de la réglementation sectorielle ; les normes ou références internationales de RSE ne figurent aucunement dans les discours ou écrits des MUFID. D’autre part, Conformément à ce qui précède, le constat est que la RSE en œuvre dans les MUFID relève de l’approche communautaire, chaque MUFID étant encastrée dans sa communauté. La famille, le village et les dignitaires du village sont des parties prenantes assez valorisées au-delà des parties prenantes ordinaires. La légalisation de la constitution d’un fonds de développement communautaire, la prise en compte des us et coutumes de la communauté, la légalisation de la dimension sociale du salarié, la valorisation des ainés et des forces vives de la communauté sont entre autres les traits marquant de cette approche africaine et donc communautaire de la RSE. Nous plaidons pour la reconnaissance de la portée internationale des pratiques africaines de responsabilité sociétale des entreprises.

Mots-clés : Pratiques africaines, RSE, Communauté, Solidarité, Nvivo 10

Forbe Hodu Ngangnchi¹ & Fozoh Isiah Aziseh²

¹Higher Institute of Commerce and Management (HICM), The University of Bamenda-Cameroon (Email: chiefforbe@gmail.com, Tel: +237 677575062)

²Research and Data Reporting Officer, African Youth Cooperation for Peace and Development, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Email: afozohisiah@gmail.com

To Cite: Forbe & Fozoh (2026) Domestic Resource Mobilisation and Sustainable Development in Africa: Do Institutions and Regulatory Frameworks Really Matter?. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18679805

Submission Date: 08/11/2025                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 30/01/2026

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated economies across the continent, highlighting the urgent need for resource mobilization to reconstruct development programs. As such, this study examines the effects of domestic resource mobilization on sustainable development in Africa within the context of changing institutional frameworks, using panel data for 37 African countries from 2005 to 2023, sourced from the World Development Indicators, World Governance Indicators, World Economic Freedom Database, and the African Infrastructure Development Database, and implementing a two-step system generalized method of moments estimator. The findings emphasized that a country’s past achievements significantly influence its present outcomes. The study noted that effective mobilization of natural resources rents is essential for improving sustainable development in Africa, while higher levels of corruption weaken governance and hinder resource rent allocation. We note from the findings that effective governance, political stability, and strong regulatory frameworks positively impact sustainable development in Africa, whereas larger government sizes and rigid legal structures tend to impede progress and create bureaucratic inefficiencies. The analysis also reveals significant interactions between resource mobilization and both regulatory and economic institutional factors, indicating that effective corruption control can enhance the benefits of resource mobilization, while excessive bureaucracy may dampen these effects. Freedom to trade is noted as a positive force for resource mobilization, while stringent monetary policies can restrict economic activity. Policymakers are urged to strengthen anti-corruption measures through transparency initiatives and whistleblower protections, streamline government structures via administrative reforms, and invest in clear, enforceable regulatory frameworks. Additionally, enhancing legal protections for property rights, promoting trade liberalization by reducing tariffs and improving market access, maintaining sound monetary policies that support growth, and adhering to international regulations are all recommended strategies to maximize the benefits of natural resource extraction for sustainable development across the African continent.

Key Words: Domestic Resource Mobilisation; Regulatory Institutions; Economic Institutions; Sustainable Development

Eyong Ako (Ph.D)

The University of Bamenda, Northwest Region, Cameroon

 Higher Institute of Commerce and Management

Department of Organisational Sciences

E-mail: akorolly87@yahoo.com

ORCID Id: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8689-6788

Ngon Ngozoh Courage Azeh

The University of Bamenda, Northwest Region, Cameroon

Higher Institute of Commerce and Management

Department of Organisational Sciences

E-mail: azehcourage566@gmail.com

Abstract

The main aim of the study is to examine the effect of project governance structure on project success in Medino Bamenda. This study employs the quantitative research design. Among the target population of this study is constituted of people working in Medino. Using the Yamane formula, a sample size of 73 workers was selected through purposive sampling. The ordinary least square technique was used to estimate the regression. The findings from objective one shows that project steering committee has a positive but insignificant effect on project process. The finding from objective two shows that project manager has a positive but insignificant effect on project process and retains the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant effect between project manager and project success in Medino, Bamenda. Findings in objective 3 shows that project resource allocation has a positive and significant effect on project process and accept the alternative hypothesis which states that there is a significant effect between project steering committee and project success of Medino in Bamenda. The study recommends that effective managing and allocating resources, such as personnel, equipment, and funding, is crucial for the project’s success. Also it is recommended to ensure that the project manager has the necessary skills, experience, and authority to lead the project, provide them with the necessary resources and support, establish clear communication channels and decision-making processes, and consider providing the project manager with additional training or mentorship to enhance their project management capabilities. Therefore, it is concluded from findings that the effect of project governance structure has a positive effect on project success in Medino, Bamenda.

Keywords: Project Management, Project steering, Resource, Project Manager, Project success

Submission Date: 08/09/2025                                                Acceptance Date: 20/11/2025

Volume 5 Number 4 (November 2025)

Published: 2025-11-30

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

To cite: Eyong and Ngon (2025) The Effect of Project Governance Structure on Project Success in Medino Bamenda, Northwest Region Cameroon. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 5(4), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17783117 or Eyong-and-Ngon-The-Effect-of-Project-Governance-Structure-on-Project-Success-in-Medino-Bamenda.pdf

https://jtis-htttcubuea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Eyong-and-Ngon-The-Effect-of-Project-Governance-Structure-on-Project-Success-in-Medino-Bamenda.pdf

Ngome Elvis Nkome

E-mail: ngome.elvis@ubuea.cm / nkomengome@yahoo.co.uk

Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management /History and African Civilizations, University of Buea

Abstract

Land issue that began originated from the German colonial period in Cameroon was succeeded by the post-colonial state with significant ramifications on the inhabitants of Buea sub -division in diverse ways. The local inhabitants and victims of colonial land appropriation and grabbing, had developed a sense of nostalgia about their land and this pushed them to galvanize themselves together in order to mount pressure on the government and the CDC to retrocede some parcels of the land to them. This has resulted in partial surrender of the disputed lands to some identified villages in Buea sub-division including Muea and its environs. The central objective of the paper is to examine the rationale of the land surrender, the processes of land surrender and the problems associated with land surrender and resultant impacts it has created over time. The paper contends that land surrender has created social and political problems of significant dimension that are still negatively affecting the people of Muea Court Area today. The paper followed a mixed research methodology to mine the sources for the study. In this regard, primary and secondary data for the study were exploited in the Buea National archives, the university of Buea library and other private libraries and research centers in Cameroon. In these research centers or venues, I consulted books, articles in journal, magazines and petitions written by parties were consulted. These were complemented by oral interviews conducted randomly with resource persons in the area of study.

Keywords: Land Surrender, Muea Court Area, German Rule, Appropriation, CDC, retrocede

Submission Date: 15/09/2025                                                                    Acceptance Date: 23/11/2025

Volume 5 Number 4 (November 2025)

Published: 2025-11-30

HISTORY AND AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS

To cite: Nkome (2025) Land Surrender and Post-Surrender Problems in Buea Sub-Division: The Case of Muea Court Area. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 5(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17782933 or https://jtis-htttcubuea.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Nkome-LAND-SURRENDER-AND-POST-SURRENDER-PROBLEMS-IN-BUEA-SUB-DIVISION.pdf

https://jtis-htttcubuea.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Nkome-LAND-SURRENDER-AND-POST-SURRENDER-PROBLEMS-IN-BUEA-SUB-DIVISION.pdf