Utilization of Sand Deposits in Various Areas in Pavement Blocks Production with Plastic Waste Binder: A Comparative Study in Bamenda City
Makomra Valentin ¹*, Penka Jule Bertrand², Mbuh Moses Kuma², Djomo Thierry Mbong², Wandum Pascal Ndula², Musa Issa²
¹Department of Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, P O.Box. 510 Elig-Effa street, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
²Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, National Higher Polytechnic Institute, University of Bamenda, P O.Box. 39 Bambili Cameroon.
*Corresponding author: E-mail: mbuhmoses10@gmail.com
To Cite: Makomra et al. (2026). Utilization of Sand Deposits in Various Areas in Pavement Blocks Production with Plastic Waste Binder: A Comparative Study in Bamenda City. Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(1), 153–177. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18688485
Submission Date: 17/12/2025 Acceptance Date: 13/02/2026
Abstract
This study investigates the use of plastics waste as a binder in pavement block production, combining it with various local sands and gravel. The discoveries of this study show that composites developed from Mbatu, Ndop and Wum sands display a Water Absorption Capacity (WAC) less than 6%, with Compressive Strength (CS) and Flexural Strength(FS) values between (17.2 – 20.7) MPa and (2.1 – 2.8) MPa respectively at 40% PET content which the composites can be used for outdoor space applications. The composites developed from Chomba, and Mbengwi sands exhibit a WAC less than 6%, with CS and FS values between (20.7 – 27.6) MPa and (2.8 – 4 .1) MPa respectively at 35% PET content which can be used for pedestrian walkway applications suggesting feasibility of considering this practice as a solution to plastic waste mismanagement in the town of Bamenda.