Elime Enongene, Hannah Kolle

Department of Guidance and Counselling, HTTTc Kumba,

University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

To cite: Elime and Kolle (2026, June 10), Counselling Based Entrepreneurial Interventions and Sustainable Small Business Development (SMS) in Kumba Municipality, South West Region, Cameroon. The Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences (JTIS), HTTTC Kumba. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20597666

Submission Date: 28/03/2026                                                                                        Acceptance Date: 02/05/2026

Abstract

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in economic growth and employment generation, particularly in developing economies. However, their sustainability remains a major challenge, necessitating innovative support mechanisms such as counselling-based entrepreneurial interventions. This study examines the impact of counselling-based entrepreneurial interventions, decision-making skills training, innovation and creativity training, and resilience building on sustainable small business development (SMEs) in Kumba Municipality, Cameroon. Anchored on the Resource-Based View, Rational Decision-Making Theory, and Resilience Theory, the study adopts a descriptive-correlational design. Data were collected from 100 SME owners using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings reveal that although a majority of respondents perceive their businesses as currently unsustainable (55%–61%), over 80% acknowledge that counselling interventions significantly enhance entrepreneurial competencies. Regression results indicate that counselling interventions explain 65.9% of the variation in SME sustainability (R² = 0.659), with resilience emerging as the strongest predictor. The study concludes that counselling interventions are critical for building internal entrepreneurial capacities necessary for sustainability, though their effects are gradual. It recommends context-specific, institutionalized counselling programs to strengthen SME development in fast-growing municipalities like Kumba.

Keywords: Counselling interventions, SME sustainability, decision-making, resilience, innovation

Published: 2026-05-30

Ndoh Jude Molibindaka (1), Tchikdje Kouekem Marthe Prudence (2), Offole Florence (1), Ayissi Zacharie Merlin (1), Lontsi Federic (1), Mouangue Ruben (1), Kenmeugne Bienvennu (3)

^{(1): M. Sc. Student, Laboratory of Energy, Materials, Methods and Modeling (E3M), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique de Douala (ENSPD), University of Douala, Cameroon.}

^{(2): Pôle de recherche de L’innovation et l’Entrepreneuriat (PRIE), Institut Universitaire de la Côte (IUC), Douala, Cameroun.}

 ^{(3): Laboratoire d’Engineering Civil et Méchanique, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique de Yaoundé 1, Cameroun}a

Corresponding Author: ndohjude42@gmail.com

To Cite: Ndoh et al. (2026). Classification of Troubleshooting in a Mechanical System for Fault Detection and Diagnosis with the aid of a Neural Network. The Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(2), 146–164. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20583339

Submission Date: 20/03/2026                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 21/05/2026

Abstract

The internal combustion engine (ICE) is widely used in applications such as automobiles, motorcycles and ships. After its long-term use faults occur that degrade its performance or cause it to malfunction. Therefore, ICE fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) research is important for preventing serious economic loss and even human injuries caused by undetected faults. The development of an ICE FDD for the prediction of faults is described in this work. The setup uses sensors to measure the ICE variables and LSTM techniques implemented in a computer program. The common ICE faults which are the common rail injection fault, the fuel consumption and the coolant temperature faults are carefully studied. The objective of the FDD is to determine if there is any of the above-mentioned faults in the Hyundai Santa fe 2008 model car. Several FDD algorithms are proposed, one category of which is based on data processing techniques such as the LSTM Recurrent Neural Network is implemented to arrive at our results. This category of FDD algorithms includes the LSTM-based FDD algorithm. The LSTM-based FDD algorithm introduces a new FDD index based on LSTM and statistics recorded from the car. According to the included experimental results, all of these algorithms are capable of detecting and locating these faults with 99.999% accuracy.

  Key words: Classification; troubleshooting; mechanical system; Fault Detection and Diagnosis; neural network.

Muyang Rosaline Fosah^{1 ⃰} , Ache Neh Teke¹ ,  Ndjouondo Gildas Parfait¹, Chenwie Binwie Christelle¹, Fotso¹ and Taffouo Victor Desire²

1. Department of Biology, Higher Teacher Training College, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon, P.O. Box 39 Bambili

2- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, P.O. Box 24157, Douala

* Corresponding author; E-mail wanfosah3@yahoo.com, Tel: 237679306211

To cite: Muyang et al. (2026). Growth, Yield and Nodulation Response of Green Beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) to Different Indigenous Microorganism Fertilizer Concentrations in Bambili, Cameroon. The Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(2), 126–146. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20583185

Submission Date: 17/03/2026                                                                                      Acceptance Date: 24/05/2026

Abstract

Green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous plant consumed worldwide with the capacity of fixing atmospheric nitrogen by forming a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobia) in their root nodules. This study was carried out to determine the optimal concentration of indigenous microorganism (IMO) fertilizer for maximum productivity and its effect on formation of root nodules in Bambili village. An experimental farm was set up, laid out in a complete randomized design using four treatments (0g being the control, 5g, 10g and 15g of IMO) with four replications. Fertilizers were applied 5 days before planting and repeated every 2 weeks up to 8 weeks after planting (WAP). Growth parameters were measured every 2 weeks. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine specific differences between group pairs.

Plants grown with IMO did better in terms of growth and yield as compared to the control. Plants with 15 g of IMO produced the best results which were significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 for number of leaves (47.31 ± 4.347), number of branches (14.25 ± 2.145), plant height (90.719 ± 0148.154), number of pods (29,81±12.608) weight of pods (0.903±0.303) and number of root nodules (79.18±15.633). These results suggest that 15 g of IMO per plant is suitable for green bean cultivation. Farmers should prioritize the use of IMO to grow crops as it can substitute for chemical fertilizers which are not environmentally friendly. More research should be carried out using higher doses of IMO to know the optimal concentration of IMO that can be used for the cultivation of green beans and other crops.

Keywords: Green beans, IMO, fertilizer, Yield, Nodulation

Dr. EYONG AKO

The University of Bamenda, Northwest Region, Cameroon

School: Higher Institute of Commerce and Management,

Department: Organisational Sciences,

E-mail: akorolly87@yahoo.com

ORCID Id: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8689-6788

To cite: Eyong (2026), The Digital Harvest: An Exploratory Study on the Impact of Digital Technology Adoption on Agribusiness Growth in Cameroon. The Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(2), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20583466

Submission Date: 01/06/2026                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 25/03/2026

Abstract

This exploratory research paper investigates the relationship between digital technology adoption and agribusiness growth in Cameroon. Despite agriculture’s critical role contributing approximately 15% to GDP and employing over 60% of the active population the sector faces entrenched challenges: low productivity, post-harvest losses estimated at 25–35%, and inefficient value chains that erode profitability. Digital technologies including mobile market platforms, digital financial services, and precision agriculture offer potential solutions. Using a mixed-methods design involving a survey of 200 agribusinesses across the Littoral, West, and Centre regions (conducted October–December 2024), the study finds a statistically significant positive correlation between digital adoption intensity and key growth metrics (revenue increase, market expansion). However, overall adoption remains critically low (38%). Primary barriers are high costs (85% of respondents), poor internet connectivity (78%), and limited digital literacy (65%), with language barriers (40%) emerging as a locally specific constraint. The findings call for coordinated policy interventions in infrastructure, affordability, and human capital development.

Keywords: Digital Harvest, Digital Technology Adoption, Agribusiness Growth and Cameroon

Fabien Sundjo^1&3 (PhD), Shei Claude Nfor² ₍PhD) and Peter Takov (Professor)³

¹Department of Economics, Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTC), University of Bamenda, Cameroon: Corresponding author: Email: sundjofabien@rocketmail.com

²Department of Public Health, Shalom University of Bamenda, Cameroon

Email: sheiclaude2gmail.com

³Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda

Email: ptakov@catuc.org

To cite: Sundjo et al. (2026), Internet Access, Healthcare Delivery, and Rural Economic Welfare in Cameroon. The Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(2), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20588292

Submission Date: 16/02/2026                                                                                     Acceptance Date: 20/04/2026

Abstract

The rapid diffusion of digital technologies is transforming the organisation of health systems and economic activities across the world. In recent years, internet connectivity has increasingly been recognised as a critical driver of healthcare delivery and socioeconomic welfare, particularly in rural communities where access to services remains limited. This study examines the relationship between internet access, healthcare delivery, and rural economic welfare in Cameroon. The main objective of the study is to analyse the extent to which internet access contributes to improvements in healthcare delivery and rural economic welfare at the national level. Specifically, the study seeks to evaluate the effect of internet penetration on healthcare service utilisation and to determine whether improved healthcare delivery contributes to enhanced rural economic welfare. The study employs secondary data drawn from internationally recognised sources, including the World Development Indicators, the International Telecommunication Union database, and the Global Health Observatory covering the period 2005 to 2024. The study uses an econometric modelling framework estimated through Ordinary Least Squares techniques.  The findings reveal that internet penetration has a statistically significant positive effect on healthcare delivery and contributes indirectly to improvements in rural economic welfare through enhanced access to health information and services. The results further show that economic growth, educational attainment, and infrastructure development reinforce the positive impact of digital connectivity on rural welfare. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the Government of Cameroon strengthen digital infrastructure expansion in rural areas while integrating internet-based health information systems within the national healthcare strategy in order to improve service delivery and promote inclusive economic development.

Keywords: Internet access, healthcare delivery, rural economic welfare, digital development

Fabien Sundjo^1&3, Kum Vera² and Temah Kluivert Atamaya³

¹Department of Economics, HTTC, University of Bamenda
²Catholic University of Cameroon, Bamenda

³Department of Economics, University of Bamenda, Cameroon

Email: sundjofabien@rocketmail.com

To cite: Sundjo (2026), Women’s Agricultural Participation and Household Food Security in Rural Cameroon: Evidence from National Survey Data. The Journal of Tertiary and Industrial Sciences, JTIS, 6(2), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20588398

Submission Date: 15/3/2026                                                                                        Acceptance Date: 21/05/2026

Abstract

In many agrarian economies, female agricultural labour constitutes a critical foundation of household food systems. However, the extent to which women’s participation in agriculture improves household food security remains insufficiently quantified at the national level in Cameroon. This study examines the relationship between women’s agricultural participation and household food security using nationally representative secondary data from the Fourth Cameroon Household Survey. The study employs a logistic regression framework to estimate the probability of household food security while controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and institutional factors. The findings reveal that women’s agricultural participation has a positive and statistically significant effect on household food security. Specifically, households with active female participation in agriculture are approximately 8.7 percentage points more likely to be food secure than households without such participation. Female decision-making authority in agricultural production increases the probability of food security by nearly 12 percentage points, while access to land, extension services, and agricultural credit further strengthen food security outcomes. The interaction between female participation and land size is also positive and significant, indicating that access to productive resources amplifies the welfare gains from women’s participation. The study concludes that enhancing women’s productive inclusion and empowerment in agriculture is not only a gender equity concern but also a critical pathway toward improving rural food security in Cameroon. It recommends gender-responsive agricultural reforms that expand women’s access to land, credit, and extension services.

Keywords: Women in agriculture; Food security; Rural households; Gender and development; Agricultural productivity